lunes, 17 de enero de 2011

Para todos los 4to.

Perfect Tenses
Los tres tiempos perfectos en inglés, son los tres tiempos verbales que muestran acción ya completada. ( La palabra Perfecto, literalmente significa: "hecho completamente" )  Ellos están compuestos por el verbo Have (como haber) + un participio.
Present Perfect: La acción está completada con respecto al presente.
I have eaten chocolate. (afirmativa)                 I haven't eaten chocolate. (Negativa)
Past Perfect: La acción está completada con respecto al pasado.
I had eaten chocolate. (afirmativa)                  I hadn't  eaten chocolate. (negativa)
Future Perfect: La acción está completada con respecto al futuro.
I will have eaten chocolate. (afirmative)                  I won't have eaten chocolate. (Negative)




















PRESENTE PERFECTO (AFIRMATIVO)


I- YOU –WE - THEY
HAVE
PARTICIPIO
HE – SHE -IT
HAS
PARTICIPIO
3ERA PERSONA
PRESENTE PERFECTO (NEGATIVO)


I- YOU –WE - THEY
HAVEN’T
PARTICIPIO
HE – SHE -IT
HASN’T
PARTICIPIO
3ERA PERSONA
PASADO PERFECTO (AFIRMATIVO)








I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY
HAD
PARTICIPIO
PASADO PERFECTO (NEGATIVO)
I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY
HADN’T
PARTICIPIO
FUTURO PERFECTO (AFIRMATIVO)
I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY
WILL HAVE
PARTICIPIO
FUTURO PERFECTO (NEGATIVO)
I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY
WON’T HAVE
PARTICIPIO



PREGUNTAS EN PRESENTE PERFECTO

WH
HAVE
I – YOU – WE - THEY
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
PARTICIPIO
PREDICADO
?
PREGUNTAS EN PRESENTE PERFECTO (TERCERA PERSONA)

WH
HAS
HE – SHE -IT
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
PARTICIPIO
PREDICADO
?
PREGUNTAS EN PASADO PERFECTO

WH
HAD
I – YOU – HE –SHE –IT –WE - THEY
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
PARTICIPIO
PREDICADO
?



PREGUNTAS EN FUTURO PERFECTO

WH
WILL
I – YOU – HE –SHE –IT –WE - THEY
HAVE
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
PARTICIPIO
PREDICADO
?


Present perfect (present perfect) (presente perfecto) = se usa para indicar que una acción empezó en un momento no especifico del pasado, y puede o no continuar en el presente.
         pasado                                                                                                        presente
              *                                                                                                                  *
   no se sabe el momento                                                                puede o no, continuar
   que la acción comenzó.                                                                en el presente.
Construcción de una oración afirmativa:
Persona + have/has + acción en pasado p. + inf. +     palabra
                                                                                          adicional.
Palabras adicionales:
Today (tudei) (hoy).
All day (ol dei) (todo el día).
Recently (wricentli) (recientemente).
For (for) (por).
Since (sins) (desde).
This month, this week, this year.
Lately (leitli) (ultimamente).
Pasado participio de una acción:
Presente:                      pasado:                          pasado participio:
Work.                         Worked.                          Worked (workt) (trabajado).
Go.                                 Went.                           Gone (gon) (ido).
Write.                           Wrote.                           Written (writen) (escrito).
Be.                              Was/were.                        Been (bi..n) (estado).
Have.                             Had.                              Had (jad) (tenido).
See.                                Saw.                              Seen (si..n) (visto).
Nota: aprender de memoria todas las acciones en presente, en pasado y en pasado participio, las cuales las puede encontrar en cualquier diccionario inglés.
Ex:
I have worked in that company for many years.
(ai jav workt in dat compani for meni yi..rs)
(yo he trabajado en esa compañía por muchos años)
She has gone to her house recently.
(shi jas gon tu jer jaus wrisentli)
(ella ha ido a su casa recientemente)
He has written a letter to them lately.
(ji jas writen a leder tu dem leitli)
(él ha escrito una carta a ellos ultimamente)
Para negar solo se usa "hasn´t" o "haven´t":
I haven´t worked in that factory for many years.
She hasn´t gone to her house recently.
He hasn´t written a letter to them lately.
Para preguntar:
Have I worked ...?.
Has she gone...?.
Has he written...?.
Present perfect continuous (present perfect continius) (presente perfecto continuo) = se usa para decir que una acción empezó en un punto del pasado y todavía continua en el presente.
            pasado                                                                                     presente
(empezó una acción)                                                              (y continua en el presente)
Construcción de una oración afirmativa:
Persona + have/has + been + acción en presente con terminación en "ing" + información + palabra adicional.
Palabra adicional = today, all day, for, since, recently, lately, this week, this month, this year, etc.
Ex:
He has been studying english for 2 years.
(ji jas bi..n studing inglish for tu yi..rs)
(el ha estado estudiando inglés por dos años)
They haven´t been working hard recently.
(dei javent bi..n working jard wricentli)
(ellos no han estado trabajando duro recientemente)
Have you been swimming since 5:00 am?.
(jav iu bi..n swiming sins faiv ei. Em.?)
(has tu estado nadando desde las cinco a. M.?)
Advanced 1 english practice, unit 7
"presente perfect and continuous"
Complete the following sentences as it is required in parenthesis:
1) They _____________(han trabajado) in that company for many years.
2) She  _____________(no ha ido) to her house recently.
3) He _____________(ha estado) studying english for 2 years.
4) They ____________(no han estado) working hard recently.
Past perfect (past perfect) (pasado perfecto) =  se usa para describir a una acción que ocurrió antes de otra acción pasada.
   pasado                                               *                                                                presente
(acción que paso antes)           (acción pasada)       
Construcción de la oración:
Persona + had + (acción en p. Participio) + inf. + palabra adicional + una oración en pasado simple.
Palabras adicionales: 
Before (bifor) (antes de, antes de que).
When (jwen) (cuando...).
Until (ontil) (hasta).
By the time (bai de taim) (por/en el momento, al tiempo que).
Ex:
He had seen that movie twice before he came to this city.
(ji jad si..n dat movi tuais bifor ji keim tu dis citi)
(él había visto esa película dos veces antes de que el viniera a esta ciudad)
He had told you that when you arrived.
(ji jad told iu dat jwen iu awraivd)
(él te había dicho eso cuando tu llegaste)
We had studied english before we went to u. S. A.
(ui jad studid inglis bifor ui went tu iu. Es. Ei.)
(nosotros habíamos estudiado inglés antes de que fuéramos a u. S. A)
He hadn´t given you the papers before you came here.
(ji jadent given iu de peipers bifor iu keim jir)
(el te había dado los papeles antes de que vinieras aquí)
Had we seen them before they saw us?.
(jad ui si..n dem befor dei sou os?)
(habíamos nosotros visto a ellos antes de que ellos nos vieran?)
Past perfect continuous (past perfect continius) (pasado perfecto continuo) = se usa para describir y recalcar la continuación de una acción que ocurrió antes de otra acción pasada.
                                                          pasado                                              presente
Acción que paso antes.                                                                          la acción continua...
               *                                             *
Construcción de la oración:
Persona + had been + acción en presente con terminación en "ing" + palabra adicional + oración en pasado simple.
Palabras adicionales = before, when, until, by the time.
Ex:
She had been studying french for 6 months when she decided to study english.
(shi jad bi..n studing french for six monds jwen shi disaidid tu studi inglish)
(ella había estado estudiando francés por seis meses cuando ella decidió estudiar inglés)
You had been eating a lot before my mother arrived at the kitchen.
(iu jad bi..n i..ting a lot bifor mai moder awraivd at de kitchen)
(tu habías estado comiendo un monton antes de que mi madre llegara a la cocina)
Advanced 1 english practice, unit 7
"past perfect and continuous"
Complete the sentences below as it is required in the parenthesis:
1) We ___________(habíamos estudiado) english before we went to u. S. A.
2) He ______________(no había dado) you the papers before you came here.
3) You _____________(habías estado) eating a lot before my mother arrived at the kitchen.
4) She ____________(no había estado) studying french for 2 years
Question words and tag questions with present perfect and past perfect (palabras interrogativas y preguntas de confirmación con presente perfecto y pasado perfecto)
Preguntas interrogativas con presente perfecto:
Ex:
I have worked in that company for many years because that was what I wanted to do.
Who has worked in that company for many...?.
R = i have.
What have I done in that company for many...?
R = i have worked.
Where have I worked for many years because...?
R = in that company.
How long/how much time have I worked for many in that company because...?
R = for many years.
Why have I worked in that company for many years?
R = because that was what i wanted to do.
Ex:  
He has been studying english for 2 years.
Who has been studying english for 2 years?
R = he has.
What has he been doing for 2 years?
R = studying.
What has he been studying for 2 years?
R = english.
How long has he been studying english for?
R = for 2 years.
Preguntas interrogativas con pasado perfecto:
Ex:
He had seen the movie twice before she saw it.
Who had seen the movie twice before...?
R = he had.
What had he done twice before she saw it?
R = he had seen.
What had he seen twice before she saw it?
R = the movie.
How many times had he seen the movie before...?
R = twice.
Ex:
We had been studying maths before he did it.
Who had been studying maths before...?     
R = we had.
What had we been doing before...?
R = we had been studying.

Lista de verbos Irregulares

Verbo
Pasado Simple
El participio pasado

arise
awake

bear
beat
become
begin
bend
beset
bet
bid
bind
bite
bleed
blow
break
breed
bring
broadcast
build
burn
burst
buy

cast
catch
choose
cling
come
cost
creep
cut

deal
dig
dive
do
draw
dream
drink
drive

eat

fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fit
flee
fling
fly
forbid
forget
forego/forgo
forgive
forsake
foretell
freeze

get
give
go
grind
grow

hang
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt

keep
kneel
know

lay
lead
lean
leap
learn
leave
lend
let
lie
light
lose

make
mean
meet
misspell
mistake
mow

overcome
overdo
overtake
overthrow

pay
plead
prove
put

quit

read
rid
ride
ring
rise
run

saw
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shear
shed
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
slay
slide
sling
slit
smell
smite
sow
speak
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spit
split
spoil
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
stink
stride
strike
strive
swear
sweep
swell
swim
swing

take
teach
tear
tell
think
thrive
throw
thrust
tread

understand
uphold
upset

wake
wear
weave
wed
weep
win
wind
withdraw
withhold
withstand
wring
write

arose
awoke

bore
beat
became
began
bent
beset
bet/betted
bid
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burnt/burned
burst
bought

cast
caught
chose
clung
came
cost
crept
cut

dealt
dug
dived/dove (AmE)
did
drew
dreamt/dreamed
drank
drove

ate

fell
fed
felt
fought
found
fit
fled
flung
flew
forbade
forgot
forewent
forgave
forsook
foretold
froze

got
gave
went
ground
grew

hung
hanged
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt

kept
knelt
knew

laid
led
leant/leaned
leapt/leaped
learnt/learned
left
lent
let
lay
lit/lighted
lost

made
meant
met
misspelt/misspelled
mistook
mowed

overcame
overdid
overtook
overthrew

paid
pleaded/plead
proved
put

quit

read
rid
rode
rang
rose
ran

sawed
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
sheared
shed
shone
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
slew
slid
slung
slit
smelt/smelled
smote
sowed
spoke
sped/speeded
spelt/spelled
spent
spilt/spilled
spun
spat
split
spoilt/spoiled
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank
strode
struck
strove
swore
swept
swelled
swam
swung

took
taught
tore
told
thought
thrived/throve
threw
thrust
trod

understood
upheld
upset

woke/waked
wore
wove/weaved
wedded/wed
wept
won
wound
withdrew
withheld
withstood
wrung
wrote

arisen
awoken

borne
beaten
become
begun
bent
beset
bet
bid
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burnt/burned
burst
bought

cast
caught
chosen
clung
come
cost
crept
cut

dealt
dug
dived
done
drawn
dreamt/dreamed
drunk
driven

eaten

fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
fit
fled
flung
flown
forbidden
forgotten
foregone
forgiven
forsaken
foretold
frozen

got/gotten (AmE)
given
gone
ground
grown

hung
hanged
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt

kept
knelt
known

laid
led
lean/leaned
leapt/leaped
learnt/learned
left
lent
let
lain
lit/lighted
lost

made
meant
met
misspelt/misspelled mistaken
mown/mowed

overcome
overdone
overtaken
overthrown

paid
pleaded/plead
proved/proven
put

quit

read
rid
ridden
rung
risen
run

sawn/sawed
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn/sewed
shaken
sheared/shorn
shed
shone
shot
shown/showed
shrunk
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slept
slayed/slain
slid
slung
slit
smelt/smelled
smitten
sown/sowed
spoken
sped/speeded
spelt/spelled
spent
spilt/spilled
spun
spat
split
spoilt/spoiled
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
stridden
struck
striven
sworn
swept
swelled/swollen
swum
swung

taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrived
thrown
thrust
trodden

understood
upheld
upset

woken/waked
worn
woven/weaved
wedded/wed
wept
won
wound
withdrawn
withheld
withstood
wrung
written