Perfect Tenses
Los tres tiempos perfectos en inglés, son los tres tiempos verbales que muestran acción ya completada. ( La palabra Perfecto, literalmente significa: "hecho completamente" ) Ellos están compuestos por el verbo Have (como haber) + un participio.
Present Perfect: La acción está completada con respecto al presente.
I have eaten chocolate. (afirmativa) I haven't eaten chocolate. (Negativa)
Past Perfect: La acción está completada con respecto al pasado.
I had eaten chocolate. (afirmativa) I hadn't eaten chocolate. (negativa)
Future Perfect: La acción está completada con respecto al futuro.
I will have eaten chocolate. (afirmative) I won't have eaten chocolate. (Negative)
PRESENTE PERFECTO (AFIRMATIVO) | |||
I- YOU –WE - THEY | HAVE | PARTICIPIO | |
HE – SHE -IT | HAS | PARTICIPIO | 3ERA PERSONA |
PRESENTE PERFECTO (NEGATIVO) | |||
I- YOU –WE - THEY | HAVEN’T | PARTICIPIO | |
HE – SHE -IT | HASN’T | PARTICIPIO | 3ERA PERSONA |
PASADO PERFECTO (AFIRMATIVO) | |||
I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY | HAD | PARTICIPIO | |
PASADO PERFECTO (NEGATIVO) | |||
I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY | HADN’T | PARTICIPIO | |
FUTURO PERFECTO (AFIRMATIVO) | |||
I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY | WILL HAVE | PARTICIPIO | |
FUTURO PERFECTO (NEGATIVO) | |||
I-YOU-HE-SHE-IT-WE-THEY | WON’T HAVE | PARTICIPIO |
PREGUNTAS EN PRESENTE PERFECTO | ||||||
WH | HAVE | I – YOU – WE - THEY | FREQUENCY ADVERBS | PARTICIPIO | PREDICADO | ? |
PREGUNTAS EN PRESENTE PERFECTO (TERCERA PERSONA) | ||||||
WH | HAS | HE – SHE -IT | FREQUENCY ADVERBS | PARTICIPIO | PREDICADO | ? |
PREGUNTAS EN PASADO PERFECTO | ||||||
WH | HAD | I – YOU – HE –SHE –IT –WE - THEY | FREQUENCY ADVERBS | PARTICIPIO | PREDICADO | ? |
PREGUNTAS EN FUTURO PERFECTO | |||||||
WH | WILL | I – YOU – HE –SHE –IT –WE - THEY | HAVE | FREQUENCY ADVERBS | PARTICIPIO | PREDICADO | ? |
Present perfect (present perfect) (presente perfecto) = se usa para indicar que una acción empezó en un momento no especifico del pasado, y puede o no continuar en el presente.
pasado presente
* *
no se sabe el momento puede o no, continuar
que la acción comenzó. en el presente.
* *
no se sabe el momento puede o no, continuar
que la acción comenzó. en el presente.
Construcción de una oración afirmativa:
Persona + have/has + acción en pasado p. + inf. + palabra
adicional.
Palabras adicionales:
adicional.
Palabras adicionales:
Today (tudei) (hoy).
All day (ol dei) (todo el día).
Recently (wricentli) (recientemente).
For (for) (por).
Since (sins) (desde).
This month, this week, this year.
Lately (leitli) (ultimamente).
All day (ol dei) (todo el día).
Recently (wricentli) (recientemente).
For (for) (por).
Since (sins) (desde).
This month, this week, this year.
Lately (leitli) (ultimamente).
Pasado participio de una acción:
Presente: pasado: pasado participio:
Work. Worked. Worked (workt) (trabajado).
Go. Went. Gone (gon) (ido).
Write. Wrote. Written (writen) (escrito).
Be. Was/were. Been (bi..n) (estado).
Have. Had. Had (jad) (tenido).
See. Saw. Seen (si..n) (visto).
Go. Went. Gone (gon) (ido).
Write. Wrote. Written (writen) (escrito).
Be. Was/were. Been (bi..n) (estado).
Have. Had. Had (jad) (tenido).
See. Saw. Seen (si..n) (visto).
Nota: aprender de memoria todas las acciones en presente, en pasado y en pasado participio, las cuales las puede encontrar en cualquier diccionario inglés.
Ex:
I have worked in that company for many years.
(ai jav workt in dat compani for meni yi..rs)
(yo he trabajado en esa compañía por muchos años)
Ex:
I have worked in that company for many years.
(ai jav workt in dat compani for meni yi..rs)
(yo he trabajado en esa compañía por muchos años)
She has gone to her house recently.
(shi jas gon tu jer jaus wrisentli)
(ella ha ido a su casa recientemente)
(shi jas gon tu jer jaus wrisentli)
(ella ha ido a su casa recientemente)
He has written a letter to them lately.
(ji jas writen a leder tu dem leitli)
(él ha escrito una carta a ellos ultimamente)
(ji jas writen a leder tu dem leitli)
(él ha escrito una carta a ellos ultimamente)
Para negar solo se usa "hasn´t" o "haven´t":
I haven´t worked in that factory for many years.
She hasn´t gone to her house recently.
He hasn´t written a letter to them lately.
She hasn´t gone to her house recently.
He hasn´t written a letter to them lately.
Para preguntar:
Have I worked ...?.
Has she gone...?.
Has he written...?.
Has she gone...?.
Has he written...?.
Present perfect continuous (present perfect continius) (presente perfecto continuo) = se usa para decir que una acción empezó en un punto del pasado y todavía continua en el presente.
pasado presente
(empezó una acción) (y continua en el presente)
(empezó una acción) (y continua en el presente)
Construcción de una oración afirmativa:
Persona + have/has + been + acción en presente con terminación en "ing" + información + palabra adicional.
Palabra adicional = today, all day, for, since, recently, lately, this week, this month, this year, etc.
Ex:
He has been studying english for 2 years.
(ji jas bi..n studing inglish for tu yi..rs)
(el ha estado estudiando inglés por dos años)
Ex:
He has been studying english for 2 years.
(ji jas bi..n studing inglish for tu yi..rs)
(el ha estado estudiando inglés por dos años)
They haven´t been working hard recently.
(dei javent bi..n working jard wricentli)
(ellos no han estado trabajando duro recientemente)
(dei javent bi..n working jard wricentli)
(ellos no han estado trabajando duro recientemente)
Have you been swimming since 5:00 am?.
(jav iu bi..n swiming sins faiv ei. Em.?)
(has tu estado nadando desde las cinco a. M.?)
(jav iu bi..n swiming sins faiv ei. Em.?)
(has tu estado nadando desde las cinco a. M.?)
Advanced 1 english practice, unit 7
"presente perfect and continuous"
"presente perfect and continuous"
Complete the following sentences as it is required in parenthesis:
1) They _____________(han trabajado) in that company for many years.
2) She _____________(no ha ido) to her house recently.
3) He _____________(ha estado) studying english for 2 years.
4) They ____________(no han estado) working hard recently.
2) She _____________(no ha ido) to her house recently.
3) He _____________(ha estado) studying english for 2 years.
4) They ____________(no han estado) working hard recently.
Past perfect (past perfect) (pasado perfecto) = se usa para describir a una acción que ocurrió antes de otra acción pasada.
pasado * presente
(acción que paso antes) (acción pasada)
(acción que paso antes) (acción pasada)
Construcción de la oración:
Persona + had + (acción en p. Participio) + inf. + palabra adicional + una oración en pasado simple.
Palabras adicionales:
Before (bifor) (antes de, antes de que).
When (jwen) (cuando...).
Until (ontil) (hasta).
By the time (bai de taim) (por/en el momento, al tiempo que).
Ex:
He had seen that movie twice before he came to this city.
(ji jad si..n dat movi tuais bifor ji keim tu dis citi)
(él había visto esa película dos veces antes de que el viniera a esta ciudad)
He had told you that when you arrived.
(ji jad told iu dat jwen iu awraivd)
(él te había dicho eso cuando tu llegaste)
When (jwen) (cuando...).
Until (ontil) (hasta).
By the time (bai de taim) (por/en el momento, al tiempo que).
Ex:
He had seen that movie twice before he came to this city.
(ji jad si..n dat movi tuais bifor ji keim tu dis citi)
(él había visto esa película dos veces antes de que el viniera a esta ciudad)
He had told you that when you arrived.
(ji jad told iu dat jwen iu awraivd)
(él te había dicho eso cuando tu llegaste)
We had studied english before we went to u. S. A.
(ui jad studid inglis bifor ui went tu iu. Es. Ei.)
(nosotros habíamos estudiado inglés antes de que fuéramos a u. S. A)
(ui jad studid inglis bifor ui went tu iu. Es. Ei.)
(nosotros habíamos estudiado inglés antes de que fuéramos a u. S. A)
He hadn´t given you the papers before you came here.
(ji jadent given iu de peipers bifor iu keim jir)
(el te había dado los papeles antes de que vinieras aquí)
(ji jadent given iu de peipers bifor iu keim jir)
(el te había dado los papeles antes de que vinieras aquí)
Had we seen them before they saw us?.
(jad ui si..n dem befor dei sou os?)
(habíamos nosotros visto a ellos antes de que ellos nos vieran?)
(jad ui si..n dem befor dei sou os?)
(habíamos nosotros visto a ellos antes de que ellos nos vieran?)
Past perfect continuous (past perfect continius) (pasado perfecto continuo) = se usa para describir y recalcar la continuación de una acción que ocurrió antes de otra acción pasada.
pasado presente
Acción que paso antes. la acción continua...
* *
Acción que paso antes. la acción continua...
* *
Construcción de la oración:
Persona + had been + acción en presente con terminación en "ing" + palabra adicional + oración en pasado simple.
Palabras adicionales = before, when, until, by the time.
Ex:
She had been studying french for 6 months when she decided to study english.
(shi jad bi..n studing french for six monds jwen shi disaidid tu studi inglish)
(ella había estado estudiando francés por seis meses cuando ella decidió estudiar inglés)
Ex:
She had been studying french for 6 months when she decided to study english.
(shi jad bi..n studing french for six monds jwen shi disaidid tu studi inglish)
(ella había estado estudiando francés por seis meses cuando ella decidió estudiar inglés)
You had been eating a lot before my mother arrived at the kitchen.
(iu jad bi..n i..ting a lot bifor mai moder awraivd at de kitchen)
(tu habías estado comiendo un monton antes de que mi madre llegara a la cocina)
(iu jad bi..n i..ting a lot bifor mai moder awraivd at de kitchen)
(tu habías estado comiendo un monton antes de que mi madre llegara a la cocina)
Advanced 1 english practice, unit 7
"past perfect and continuous"
"past perfect and continuous"
Complete the sentences below as it is required in the parenthesis:
1) We ___________(habíamos estudiado) english before we went to u. S. A.
2) He ______________(no había dado) you the papers before you came here.
3) You _____________(habías estado) eating a lot before my mother arrived at the kitchen.
4) She ____________(no había estado) studying french for 2 years
2) He ______________(no había dado) you the papers before you came here.
3) You _____________(habías estado) eating a lot before my mother arrived at the kitchen.
4) She ____________(no había estado) studying french for 2 years
Question words and tag questions with present perfect and past perfect (palabras interrogativas y preguntas de confirmación con presente perfecto y pasado perfecto)
Preguntas interrogativas con presente perfecto:
Ex:
I have worked in that company for many years because that was what I wanted to do.
Who has worked in that company for many...?.
R = i have.
I have worked in that company for many years because that was what I wanted to do.
Who has worked in that company for many...?.
R = i have.
What have I done in that company for many...?
R = i have worked.
Where have I worked for many years because...?
R = in that company.
R = i have worked.
Where have I worked for many years because...?
R = in that company.
How long/how much time have I worked for many in that company because...?
R = for many years.
R = for many years.
Why have I worked in that company for many years?
R = because that was what i wanted to do.
R = because that was what i wanted to do.
Ex:
He has been studying english for 2 years.
He has been studying english for 2 years.
Who has been studying english for 2 years?
R = he has.
R = he has.
What has he been doing for 2 years?
R = studying.
R = studying.
What has he been studying for 2 years?
R = english.
R = english.
How long has he been studying english for?
R = for 2 years.
R = for 2 years.
Preguntas interrogativas con pasado perfecto:
Ex:
He had seen the movie twice before she saw it.
He had seen the movie twice before she saw it.
Who had seen the movie twice before...?
R = he had.
R = he had.
What had he done twice before she saw it?
R = he had seen.
R = he had seen.
What had he seen twice before she saw it?
R = the movie.
R = the movie.
How many times had he seen the movie before...?
R = twice.
Ex:
We had been studying maths before he did it.
R = twice.
Ex:
We had been studying maths before he did it.
Who had been studying maths before...?
R = we had.
R = we had.
What had we been doing before...?
R = we had been studying.
R = we had been studying.
Lista de verbos Irregulares